![]() It does this by receiving signals from the brain and passing them on to the body. It is constantly active, regulating things such as breathing, heart beat and metabolic processes. The involuntary nervous system (vegetative or autonomic nervous system) regulates the processes in the body that we cannot consciously influence. The voluntary nervous system (somatic nervous system) controls all the things that we are aware of and can consciously influence, such as moving our arms, legs and other parts of the body. Regardless of where they are in the body, a distinction can also be made between voluntary and involuntary nervous system. All of the other nerves in the body are part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). It is safely contained within the skull and vertebral canal of the spine. The central nervous system (CNS) includes the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. ![]() The nervous system has two parts, called the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system due to their location in the body. The signals are then passed on via a long extension (the axon), which can be up to a meter long. The shorter extensions (called dendrites) act like antennae: they receive signals from, for example, other neurons and pass them on to the cell body. Each neuron has a cell body and various extensions. The brain alone has about 100 billion neurons in it. There are many billions of nerve cells, also called neurons, in the nervous system. Metabolic processes are also controlled by the nervous system. For example, if you touch a hot plate, you reflexively pull back your hand and your nerves simultaneously send pain signals to your brain. The nervous system takes in information through our senses, processes the information and triggers reactions, such as making your muscles move or causing you to feel pain. It is through the nervous system that we communicate with the outside world and, at the same time, many mechanisms inside our body are controlled. The nervous system is made up of all the nerve cells in your body.
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